Symptoms of depression may include:
– Feeling sad or having a depressed mood
– Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
– Changes in appetite
– Trouble sleeping or oversleeping
– Loss of energy or increased fatigue
– Increase in purposeless physical activity (inability to sit still, pacing, hand-wringing) or slowed movements or speech (these signs must be severe enough to be observable by others)
– Feeling worthless or guilty
– Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
– Suicidal thoughts
Symptoms must last at least 15 days and represent a significant change in the patient’s level of functioning.
Depression affects approximately 7% of the population (1 in 15 people). About 17% (1 in 7 people) will experience depression at some point in their lives. Depression can occur at any age, but it typically first appears during the late teens to mid-20s. Men are less likely than women to suffer from depression. Studies suggest that 33% of women will experience a major depressive episode. There is a 40% heritability chance when a parent or close relative has depression.
Since medical conditions such as thyroid problems, brain tumors, or vitamin deficiencies can mimic symptoms of depression, it is crucial to rule out these general medical causes.
Depression can sometimes be associated with physical health issues. For instance, cardiovascular disease can lead to depression and vice versa.
At its most severe, depression can lead to self-harm, including suicide. Tragically, nearly one million people commit suicide each year. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29.